1. _______ is the amount of water vapor in a gas as compared to the maximum amount possible, expressed as a percentage.
- Absolute humidity
- Potential humidity
- Relative humidity
- Effective humidity
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2. Variable(s) necessitating an increase in Theophylline dosage:
- Liver congestion or disease
- Marked obesity
- Fever
- All of the above
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3. _______ is an orally administered expectorant that achieves its action through stimulation of the vagus nerve which, in turn, stimulates the submucosal bronchial glands to produce more serous fluid.
- Hydrocodone
- Diphenhydramine
- Super Saturated Potassium Iodide (SSKI)
- Codeine
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4. _______ have become increasingly popular because this delivery system is relatively inexpensive, and does not require the hand-breath coordination required of metered dose inhalers.
- SPAGs
- DPIs
- SVNs
- USNs
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5. Agitation can cause catecholamine release and produces auto-PEEP in ventilator patients, but the problem of imbalance between 02 delivery and 02 consumption can be prevented by administering ________.
- Haloperidol (Haldol)
- Progesterone
- Doxapram
- All the above
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6. _______ delivery is reserved for the patient who cannot spontaneously hyperinflate their lungs.
- IPPB
- centrifugal room nebulizer
- USN
- Babbington nebulizer
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7. ______ is the amount of water vapor in a gas as compared to the maximum amount possible, expressed as a percentage.
- absolute humidity
- potential humidity
- relative humidity
- effective humidity
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8. According to _______, the volume of a gas increases as its temperature increases.
- the law of gravity
- Charles’ law
- Moles’ law
- the Joule–Thompson effect
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9._______ significantly decreases pulmonary artery pressure, decreases shunting and improves PaO2, however, it can be lethal being a toxic component of air pollution.
- Alveofact
- Virazolee
- Pentamidine
- nitric oxide
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10._______ is a highly specialized jet-type aerosol generator designed to for administering ribavirin (Virazole).
- centrifugal room nebulizer
- USN
- SPAG
- the Babbington nebulizer
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11._______ decreases systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, decreases blood pressure, increases stroke volume, increases cardiac output, and increases heart rate.
- Prostaglandin E1
- Pentamidine Isethionate
- Amphotericin B
- Dextromethorphan
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12. A piezoelectric transducer _______.
- measures % relative humidity
- is an efficient heating element for producing a heated aerosol
- is part of a Babbington nebulizer
- transforms electrical impulses to sound waves
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13. If aerosol therapy is effective, it will _______.
- restore and maintain mucus blanket continuity
- promote expectoration
- decrease the work of breathing
- All of the above
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14. Aerosol particles between _____ microns are trapped in the nose and the mouth.
- 0.25-0.5
- 0.6-1.5
- 2-5
- 6-100
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15. An atomizer is a _______.
- type of jet humidifier
- type of jet nebulizer
- jet instrument without a baffle
- sidestream nebulizer
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16. As the temperature of a gas sample decreases, the water vapor pressure will _______.
- only change with atmospheric pressure changes
- stay the same
- decrease
- increase
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17. Most expectorants work by _______.
- medullary stimulation
- activation of vagal gastric reflex
- inhalation of volatile agents
- CNS stimulation
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18. Which of the following drugs is the best choice for treating a fungal infection?
- nystatin
- penicillin
- tetracycline
- polymixin
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19. The cheapest and most effective mucokinetic is _____.
- H2O
- NaCl
- Mucomyst
- Alcohol
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20. _______ is an antituberculosis drug.
- Polymixin
- Cephalosporin
- Isoniazid
- Penicillin
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21. _______ facilitate loosening and mobilization of secretions.
- Decongestants
- Mucokinetics
- Bronchodilators
- Antivirals
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22. The principle site of metabolism of drugs is the _______.
- kidney
- liver
- pancreas
- stomach
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23. _______ is known as a pro-drug, meaning that the administered form must be converted in the body to become an active drug.
- Fenoterol
- Pirbuterol (Maxair)
- Bitolterol (Tornalate)
- Albuterol
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24._______ represents a new generation of long-acting beta2 specific bronchodilators whose pharmakinetics provide for a slower onset and time to peak effect, and a longer duration of action than seen in other adrenergic agents.
- Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
- Metaproterenol (Metaprel)
- Terbutaline (Bricanyl)
- Salmeterol Xinafoate (Serevent)
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25. The term _______ refers to the concentration or dose a drug producing 50% of that drug's maximal response.
- TI ratio
- half-life
- peak effectiveness
- potency
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26. _______ is part of androstane analogues which has a very weak HPA inhibitory activity, but high antiinflammatory effect.
- Hydrocortisone
- Prednisone
- Fluticasone
- Dexamethasone
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27. Because _______ becomes active only after being converted in the liver, it is completely ineffective as an aerosol.
- budesonide
- prednisone
- fluticasone
- flunisolide
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28. The _______ represents the safety margin for a drug.
- maximal response
- half-life
- potency
- therapeutic index
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29. In treating patients with more severe respiratory ailments, caregivers test several combinations of dosage and frequency to arrive at what seems to be the _______ dosage regimen for each individual.
- maximum
- potent
- optimal
- All the above
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30. _______ have a wide variety of physiologic effects on humans, ranging from CNS stimulation to bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and cerebral vasoconstriction.
- Corticosteroids
- Xanthines
- Saligenins
- Mediator modifiers
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31. Indications for _______ include severe inflammation, immunosuppression, nephrosis, or acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis.
- prednisone
- hydrocortisone
- theophylline
- cromolyn sodium
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32. _______ is a prophylactic agent that acts on a portion of the inflammatory process as a leukotriene receptor antagonist, preventing the inflammatory response of airway contractility, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion caused by certain leukotrienes.
- Methylprednisolone
- Atrovent
- Guaifenesin
- Zafirlukast
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33. _______ are the most common devices used for nasal aerosol administration of antiallergics, sympathomimetics, antimuscarinics, and anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Spray pumps
- MDIs
- DPIs
- Jet nebulizers
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34. _______ is dispensed in a device called the Spinhaler, which pokes holes in capsules containing the powdered drug.
- Dexamethasone
- Ribavirin
- Albuterol
- Cromolyn sodium
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35. _______ is essentially an inflammatory disorder of the airways, in which allergic stimuli often trigger IgE-mediated mast cell release of mediators of inflammation.
- Tuberculosis
- Asthma
- COPD
- Bronchiectasis
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36. Vasodilators are effective for some patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). _______ is given to test the patient's response prior to prescribing their long term use.
- Azactam
- Nystatin
- Pancuronium
- Epoprostenol
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37. Inhaled _______ selectively improves perfusion of ventilated areas, and improves oxygenation in ARDS. However, caution must be used because it is a toxic component of air pollution, and exposure to it can result in pulmonary edema and unacceptable levels of methemoglobin.
- S-Carboxymethylcysteine
- Azactam
- Nitric Oxide
- Surfactant Replacement
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38. In sufficient orally administrated concentrations, _______ has a direct mucolytic effect, and an indirect effect on mucus viscosity by stimulating submucosal glands to produce more serous secretions.
- SSKI
- Sodium bicarbonate
- Pulmozyme
- Guaifenesin
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39. _______ is a popular nonnarcotic antitussive that is popular because it has no analgesic, respiratory depression, or addictive properties.
- Dextromethorphan hydrobromide
- Codeine
- Hydrocodone
- Monobactam
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40. _______, which is administered by IV, has been the drug of choice for serious fungal infections since the 1950s, but its toxic effects such as nephrotoxicity, fever, and hypotension have limited its use.
- Clindamycin
- Nystatin
- Amphotericin B
- Pyrazinamide
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